A rare earth-free catalyst enable a refinery to reduce its FCC catalyst costs and a non-platinum combustion promoter helped control NOx emisssions.
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Articles
FCC catalyst optimisation in response to rare earth prices
Lower levels of rare-earth catalyst formulations offset higher raw material costs, but refiners must consider the effects on catalyst performance and profitability.
Articles
Low rare earth caltalysts for FCC operations
Features including high zeolite and matrix stability and high accessibility architecture characterise a family of low rare earth FCC catalysts.
Articles
Zero and low rare earth FCC catalysts
Blends of rare earth-free and rare earth-based catalysts for resid feed FCC applications have maintained and even improved performance.